/*****************************************************************************

Copyright (c) 1994, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License, version 2.0,
as published by the Free Software Foundation.

This program is also distributed with certain software (including
but not limited to OpenSSL) that is licensed under separate terms,
as designated in a particular file or component or in included license
documentation.  The authors of MySQL hereby grant you an additional
permission to link the program and your derivative works with the
separately licensed software that they have included with MySQL.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU General Public License, version 2.0, for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
51 Franklin Street, Suite 500, Boston, MA 02110-1335 USA

*****************************************************************************/

/******************************************************************//**
@file include/ut0ut.h
Various utilities

Created 1/20/1994 Heikki Tuuri
***********************************************************************/

#ifndef ut0ut_h
#define ut0ut_h

/* Do not include univ.i because univ.i includes this. */

#include <ostream>
#include <sstream>

#ifndef UNIV_INNOCHECKSUM

#include "db0err.h"

#ifndef UNIV_HOTBACKUP
# include "os0atomic.h"
#endif /* UNIV_HOTBACKUP */

#include <time.h>

#ifndef MYSQL_SERVER
#include <ctype.h>
#endif /* MYSQL_SERVER */

#include <stdarg.h>

/** Index name prefix in fast index creation, as a string constant */
#define TEMP_INDEX_PREFIX_STR	"\377"

/** Time stamp */
typedef time_t	ib_time_t;

/** Time stamp read from the monotonic clock (returned by ut_time_monotonic()).
 */
typedef int64_t ib_time_monotonic_t;

/** Number of milliseconds read from the monotonic clock (returned by
 * ut_time_monotonic_ms()). */
typedef int64_t ib_time_monotonic_ms_t;

/** Number of microseconds read from the monotonic clock (returned by
 * ut_time_monotonic_us()). */
typedef int64_t ib_time_monotonic_us_t;

#ifndef UNIV_HOTBACKUP
# if defined(HAVE_PAUSE_INSTRUCTION)
   /* According to the gcc info page, asm volatile means that the
   instruction has important side-effects and must not be removed.
   Also asm volatile may trigger a memory barrier (spilling all registers
   to memory). */
#  ifdef __SUNPRO_CC
#   define UT_RELAX_CPU() asm ("pause" )
#  else
#   define UT_RELAX_CPU() __asm__ __volatile__ ("pause")
#  endif /* __SUNPRO_CC */

# elif defined(HAVE_FAKE_PAUSE_INSTRUCTION)
#  define UT_RELAX_CPU() __asm__ __volatile__ ("rep; nop")
# elif defined _WIN32
   /* In the Win32 API, the x86 PAUSE instruction is executed by calling
   the YieldProcessor macro defined in WinNT.h. It is a CPU architecture-
   independent way by using YieldProcessor. */
#  define UT_RELAX_CPU() YieldProcessor()
# else
#  define UT_RELAX_CPU() __asm__ __volatile__ ("":::"memory")
# endif

# if defined(HAVE_HMT_PRIORITY_INSTRUCTION)
#  define UT_LOW_PRIORITY_CPU() __asm__ __volatile__ ("or 1,1,1")
#  define UT_RESUME_PRIORITY_CPU() __asm__ __volatile__ ("or 2,2,2")
# else
#  define UT_LOW_PRIORITY_CPU() ((void)0)
#  define UT_RESUME_PRIORITY_CPU() ((void)0)
# endif

/*********************************************************************//**
Delays execution for at most max_wait_us microseconds or returns earlier
if cond becomes true.
@param cond in: condition to wait for; evaluated every 2 ms
@param max_wait_us in: maximum delay to wait, in microseconds */
#define UT_WAIT_FOR(cond, max_wait_us)				\
do {								\
	uint64_t	start_us;				\
	start_us = ut_time_monotonic_us();			\
	while (!(cond)) {					\
		ib_time_monotonic_us_t diff;                    \
		diff = ut_time_monotonic_us() - start_us;       \
		uint64_t limit = max_wait_us;			\
		if(limit <= 0 || (diff > 0 &&			\
			         ((uint64_t)diff > limit))) {	\
			break;					\
		}						\
		os_thread_sleep(2000 /* 2 ms */);		\
	}							\
} while (0)
#endif /* !UNIV_HOTBACKUP */

#define ut_max	std::max
#define ut_min	std::min

/** Calculate the minimum of two pairs.
@param[out]	min_hi	MSB of the minimum pair
@param[out]	min_lo	LSB of the minimum pair
@param[in]	a_hi	MSB of the first pair
@param[in]	a_lo	LSB of the first pair
@param[in]	b_hi	MSB of the second pair
@param[in]	b_lo	LSB of the second pair */
UNIV_INLINE
void
ut_pair_min(
	ulint*	min_hi,
	ulint*	min_lo,
	ulint	a_hi,
	ulint	a_lo,
	ulint	b_hi,
	ulint	b_lo);
/******************************************************//**
Compares two ulints.
@return 1 if a > b, 0 if a == b, -1 if a < b */
UNIV_INLINE
int
ut_ulint_cmp(
/*=========*/
	ulint	a,	/*!< in: ulint */
	ulint	b);	/*!< in: ulint */
/** Compare two pairs of integers.
@param[in]	a_h	more significant part of first pair
@param[in]	a_l	less significant part of first pair
@param[in]	b_h	more significant part of second pair
@param[in]	b_l	less significant part of second pair
@return comparison result of (a_h,a_l) and (b_h,b_l)
@retval -1 if (a_h,a_l) is less than (b_h,b_l)
@retval 0 if (a_h,a_l) is equal to (b_h,b_l)
@retval 1 if (a_h,a_l) is greater than (b_h,b_l) */
UNIV_INLINE
int
ut_pair_cmp(
	ulint	a_h,
	ulint	a_l,
	ulint	b_h,
	ulint	b_l)
	MY_ATTRIBUTE((warn_unused_result));

/*************************************************************//**
Calculates fast the remainder of n/m when m is a power of two.
@param n in: numerator
@param m in: denominator, must be a power of two
@return the remainder of n/m */
#define ut_2pow_remainder(n, m) ((n) & ((m) - 1))
/*************************************************************//**
Calculates the biggest multiple of m that is not bigger than n
when m is a power of two.  In other words, rounds n down to m * k.
@param n in: number to round down
@param m in: alignment, must be a power of two
@return n rounded down to the biggest possible integer multiple of m */
#define ut_2pow_round(n, m) ((n) & ~((m) - 1))
/** Align a number down to a multiple of a power of two.
@param n in: number to round down
@param m in: alignment, must be a power of two
@return n rounded down to the biggest possible integer multiple of m */
#define ut_calc_align_down(n, m) ut_2pow_round(n, m)
/********************************************************//**
Calculates the smallest multiple of m that is not smaller than n
when m is a power of two.  In other words, rounds n up to m * k.
@param n in: number to round up
@param m in: alignment, must be a power of two
@return n rounded up to the smallest possible integer multiple of m */
#define ut_calc_align(n, m) (((n) + ((m) - 1)) & ~((m) - 1))
/*************************************************************//**
Calculates fast the 2-logarithm of a number, rounded upward to an
integer.
@return logarithm in the base 2, rounded upward */
UNIV_INLINE
ulint
ut_2_log(
/*=====*/
	ulint	n);	/*!< in: number */
/*************************************************************//**
Calculates 2 to power n.
@return 2 to power n */
UNIV_INLINE
ulint
ut_2_exp(
/*=====*/
	ulint	n);	/*!< in: number */
/*************************************************************//**
Calculates fast the number rounded up to the nearest power of 2.
@return first power of 2 which is >= n */
ulint
ut_2_power_up(
/*==========*/
	ulint	n)	/*!< in: number != 0 */
	MY_ATTRIBUTE((const));

/** Determine how many bytes (groups of 8 bits) are needed to
store the given number of bits.
@param b in: bits
@return number of bytes (octets) needed to represent b */
#define UT_BITS_IN_BYTES(b) (((b) + 7) / 8)

/**********************************************************//**
Returns system time. We do not specify the format of the time returned:
the only way to manipulate it is to use the function ut_difftime.
@return system time */
ib_time_t
ut_time(void);
/*=========*/
#ifndef UNIV_HOTBACKUP
/**********************************************************//**
Returns the number of microseconds since epoch. Uses the monotonic clock.
 @return us since epoch or 0 if failed to retrieve */
ib_time_monotonic_us_t ut_time_monotonic_us(void);

/** Returns the number of milliseconds since epoch. Uses the monotonic clock.
 @return ms since epoch */
ib_time_monotonic_ms_t ut_time_monotonic_ms(void);

/** Returns the number of seconds since epoch. Uses the monotonic clock.
 @return us since epoch or 0 if failed to retrieve */
ib_time_monotonic_t ut_time_monotonic(void);

/*============*/
#ifdef _WIN32
/**********************************************************//**
Initialise highest available time resolution API on Windows
@return 0 if all OK else -1 */
int
ut_win_init_time();

#endif /* _WIN32 */

#endif /* !UNIV_HOTBACKUP */

/**********************************************************//**
Returns the number of milliseconds since some epoch.  The
value may wrap around.  It should only be used for heuristic
purposes.
@return ms since epoch */
ulint
ut_time_ms(void);
/*============*/

/**********************************************************//**
Returns the difference of two times in seconds.
@return time2 - time1 expressed in seconds */
double
ut_difftime(
/*========*/
	ib_time_t	time2,	/*!< in: time */
	ib_time_t	time1);	/*!< in: time */

#endif /* !UNIV_INNOCHECKSUM */

/** Determines if a number is zero or a power of two.
@param[in]	n	number
@return nonzero if n is zero or a power of two; zero otherwise */
#define ut_is_2pow(n) UNIV_LIKELY(!((n) & ((n) - 1)))

/** Functor that compares two C strings. Can be used as a comparator for
e.g. std::map that uses char* as keys. */
struct ut_strcmp_functor
{
	bool operator()(
		const char*	a,
		const char*	b) const
	{
		return(strcmp(a, b) < 0);
	}
};

/**********************************************************//**
Prints a timestamp to a file. */
void
ut_print_timestamp(
/*===============*/
	FILE*	file)	/*!< in: file where to print */
	UNIV_COLD MY_ATTRIBUTE((nonnull));

#ifndef UNIV_INNOCHECKSUM

/**********************************************************//**
Sprintfs a timestamp to a buffer, 13..14 chars plus terminating NUL. */
void
ut_sprintf_timestamp(
/*=================*/
	char*	buf); /*!< in: buffer where to sprintf */
#ifdef UNIV_HOTBACKUP
/**********************************************************//**
Sprintfs a timestamp to a buffer with no spaces and with ':' characters
replaced by '_'. */
void
ut_sprintf_timestamp_without_extra_chars(
/*=====================================*/
	char*	buf); /*!< in: buffer where to sprintf */
/**********************************************************//**
Returns current year, month, day. */
void
ut_get_year_month_day(
/*==================*/
	ulint*	year,	/*!< out: current year */
	ulint*	month,	/*!< out: month */
	ulint*	day);	/*!< out: day */
#else /* UNIV_HOTBACKUP */
/*************************************************************//**
Runs an idle loop on CPU. The argument gives the desired delay
in microseconds on 100 MHz Pentium + Visual C++.
@return dummy value */
ulint
ut_delay(
/*=====*/
	ulint	delay);	/*!< in: delay in microseconds on 100 MHz Pentium */
#endif /* UNIV_HOTBACKUP */
/*************************************************************//**
Prints the contents of a memory buffer in hex and ascii. */
void
ut_print_buf(
/*=========*/
	FILE*		file,	/*!< in: file where to print */
	const void*	buf,	/*!< in: memory buffer */
	ulint		len);	/*!< in: length of the buffer */

/*************************************************************//**
Prints the contents of a memory buffer in hex. */
void
ut_print_buf_hex(
/*=============*/
	std::ostream&	o,	/*!< in/out: output stream */
	const void*	buf,	/*!< in: memory buffer */
	ulint		len)	/*!< in: length of the buffer */
	MY_ATTRIBUTE((nonnull));
/*************************************************************//**
Prints the contents of a memory buffer in hex and ascii. */
void
ut_print_buf(
/*=========*/
	std::ostream&	o,	/*!< in/out: output stream */
	const void*	buf,	/*!< in: memory buffer */
	ulint		len)	/*!< in: length of the buffer */
	MY_ATTRIBUTE((nonnull));

#ifndef UNIV_HOTBACKUP
/* Forward declaration of transaction handle */
struct trx_t;

/** Get a fixed-length string, quoted as an SQL identifier.
If the string contains a slash '/', the string will be
output as two identifiers separated by a period (.),
as in SQL database_name.identifier.
 @param		[in]	trx		transaction (NULL=no quotes).
 @param		[in]	name		table name.
 @retval	String quoted as an SQL identifier.
*/
std::string
ut_get_name(
	const trx_t*	trx,
	const char*	name);

/**********************************************************************//**
Outputs a fixed-length string, quoted as an SQL identifier.
If the string contains a slash '/', the string will be
output as two identifiers separated by a period (.),
as in SQL database_name.identifier. */
void
ut_print_name(
/*==========*/
	FILE*		f,	/*!< in: output stream */
	const trx_t*	trx,	/*!< in: transaction */
	const char*	name);	/*!< in: table name to print */

/** Format a table name, quoted as an SQL identifier.
If the name contains a slash '/', the result will contain two
identifiers separated by a period (.), as in SQL
database_name.table_name.
@see table_name_t
@param[in]	name		table or index name
@param[out]	formatted	formatted result, will be NUL-terminated
@param[in]	formatted_size	size of the buffer in bytes
@return pointer to 'formatted' */
char*
ut_format_name(
	const char*	name,
	char*		formatted,
	ulint		formatted_size);

/**********************************************************************//**
Catenate files. */
void
ut_copy_file(
/*=========*/
	FILE*	dest,	/*!< in: output file */
	FILE*	src);	/*!< in: input file to be appended to output */
#endif /* !UNIV_HOTBACKUP */

#ifdef _WIN32
/**********************************************************************//**
A substitute for vsnprintf(3), formatted output conversion into
a limited buffer. Note: this function DOES NOT return the number of
characters that would have been printed if the buffer was unlimited because
VC's _vsnprintf() returns -1 in this case and we would need to call
_vscprintf() in addition to estimate that but we would need another copy
of "ap" for that and VC does not provide va_copy(). */
void
ut_vsnprintf(
/*=========*/
	char*		str,	/*!< out: string */
	size_t		size,	/*!< in: str size */
	const char*	fmt,	/*!< in: format */
	va_list		ap);	/*!< in: format values */

/**********************************************************************//**
A substitute for snprintf(3), formatted output conversion into
a limited buffer.
@return number of characters that would have been printed if the size
were unlimited, not including the terminating '\0'. */
int
ut_snprintf(
/*========*/
	char*		str,	/*!< out: string */
	size_t		size,	/*!< in: str size */
	const char*	fmt,	/*!< in: format */
	...);			/*!< in: format values */
#else
/**********************************************************************//**
A wrapper for vsnprintf(3), formatted output conversion into
a limited buffer. Note: this function DOES NOT return the number of
characters that would have been printed if the buffer was unlimited because
VC's _vsnprintf() returns -1 in this case and we would need to call
_vscprintf() in addition to estimate that but we would need another copy
of "ap" for that and VC does not provide va_copy(). */
# define ut_vsnprintf(buf, size, fmt, ap)	\
	((void) vsnprintf(buf, size, fmt, ap))
/**********************************************************************//**
A wrapper for snprintf(3), formatted output conversion into
a limited buffer. */
# define ut_snprintf	snprintf
#endif /* _WIN32 */

/*************************************************************//**
Convert an error number to a human readable text message. The
returned string is static and should not be freed or modified.
@return string, describing the error */
const char*
ut_strerr(
/*======*/
	dberr_t	num);	/*!< in: error number */

#endif /* !UNIV_INNOCHECKSUM */

#ifdef UNIV_PFS_MEMORY

/** Extract the basename of a file without its extension.
For example, extract "foo0bar" out of "/path/to/foo0bar.cc".
@param[in]	file		file path, e.g. "/path/to/foo0bar.cc"
@param[out]	base		result, e.g. "foo0bar"
@param[in]	base_size	size of the output buffer 'base', if there
is not enough space, then the result will be truncated, but always
'\0'-terminated
@return number of characters that would have been printed if the size
were unlimited (not including the final ‘\0’) */
size_t
ut_basename_noext(
	const char*	file,
	char*		base,
	size_t		base_size);

#endif /* UNIV_PFS_MEMORY */

namespace ib {

/** This is a wrapper class, used to print any unsigned integer type
in hexadecimal format.  The main purpose of this data type is to
overload the global operator<<, so that we can print the given
wrapper value in hex. */
struct hex {
	explicit hex(uintmax_t t): m_val(t) {}
	const uintmax_t	m_val;
};

/** This is an overload of the global operator<< for the user defined type
ib::hex.  The unsigned value held in the ib::hex wrapper class will be printed
into the given output stream in hexadecimal format.
@param[in,out]	lhs	the output stream into which rhs is written.
@param[in]	rhs	the object to be written into lhs.
@retval	reference to the output stream. */
inline
std::ostream&
operator<<(
	std::ostream&	lhs,
	const hex&	rhs)
{
	std::ios_base::fmtflags	ff = lhs.flags();
	lhs << std::showbase << std::hex << rhs.m_val;
	lhs.setf(ff);
	return(lhs);
}

/** The class logger is the base class of all the error log related classes.
It contains a std::ostringstream object.  The main purpose of this class is
to forward operator<< to the underlying std::ostringstream object.  Do not
use this class directly, instead use one of the derived classes. */
class logger {
public:
	template<typename T>
	logger& operator<<(const T& rhs)
	{
		m_oss << rhs;
		return(*this);
	}

	/** Write the given buffer to the internal string stream object.
	@param[in]	buf	the buffer whose contents will be logged.
	@param[in]	count	the length of the buffer buf.
	@return the output stream into which buffer was written. */
	std::ostream&
	write(
		const char*		buf,
		std::streamsize		count)
	{
		return(m_oss.write(buf, count));
	}

	/** Write the given buffer to the internal string stream object.
	@param[in]	buf	the buffer whose contents will be logged.
	@param[in]	count	the length of the buffer buf.
	@return the output stream into which buffer was written. */
	std::ostream&
	write(
		const byte*		buf,
		std::streamsize		count)
	{
		return(m_oss.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(buf), count));
	}

	std::ostringstream	m_oss;
protected:
	/* This class must not be used directly, hence making the default
	constructor protected. */
	logger() {}
};

/** The class info is used to emit informational log messages.  It is to be
used similar to std::cout.  But the log messages will be emitted only when
the dtor is called.  The preferred usage of this class is to make use of
unnamed temporaries as follows:

info() << "The server started successfully.";

In the above usage, the temporary object will be destroyed at the end of the
statement and hence the log message will be emitted at the end of the
statement.  If a named object is created, then the log message will be emitted
only when it goes out of scope or destroyed. */
class info : public logger {
public:
	~info();
};

/** The class warn is used to emit warnings.  Refer to the documentation of
class info for further details. */
class warn : public logger {
public:
	~warn();
};

/** The class error is used to emit error messages.  Refer to the
documentation of class info for further details. */
class error : public logger {
public:
	~error();
};

/** The class fatal is used to emit an error message and stop the server
by crashing it.  Use this class when MySQL server needs to be stopped
immediately.  Refer to the documentation of class info for usage details. */
class fatal : public logger {
public:
	~fatal();
};

/** Emit an error message if the given predicate is true, otherwise emit a
warning message */
class error_or_warn : public logger {
public:
	error_or_warn(bool	pred)
	: m_error(pred)
	{}

	~error_or_warn();
private:
	const bool	m_error;
};

/** Emit a fatal message if the given predicate is true, otherwise emit a
error message. */
class fatal_or_error : public logger {
public:
	fatal_or_error(bool	pred)
	: m_fatal(pred)
	{}

	~fatal_or_error();
private:
	const bool	m_fatal;
};

} // namespace ib

#ifndef UNIV_NONINL
#include "ut0ut.ic"
#endif

#endif